• Learning processess are complex, behaviorist psychology cannot explain all learning.
• Theoretical inadequacy/limitations to explain all that our students learn and do.
• Learning is not only limited to observable behaviour that always simple and straightforward but it is more of thought processes (or cognition).
• Learning as internal process (cognitive procesess) that cannot be observed directly; changes in behaviour is a reflection of internal change (the cognitive structure) in the student’s mind.
• Major focus is on knowing (understanding,memory, thinking, perception,meaning,decision making, sense making,problem solving, concepts or ideas etc)
Main representative theorists:
- Piaget ( cognitive development theory)
- Bruner (discovery learning)
- Ausubel (meaningful learning)
- Gagne’ (classification of human learning)
With cognitive approach, the emphasis in teaching and learning has shifted from product to process (ie process of mathematical thinking , process of problem solving etc)
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